Tool Guide · STR Yield

Reading your own numbers.
A walkthrough of the yield calculator.

Six inputs, four outputs, and the two mistakes that make a projection look better than it actually is. This is the calculator behind braxpanama.com/str.html, explained field by field.

Our STR yield calculator is meant to be played with, not just glanced at once. But a slider only means something if you know what it's changing — so here's exactly what each input does, what the four output numbers mean, and where people most often fool themselves.

The six inputs

The four outputs, and the exact math

Nothing in the calculator is a black box. Here's precisely how each number is derived:

Gross RevenueADR × 365 × Occupancy%
Net IncomeGross × (1 − Fee%) − HOA
Net YieldNet Income ÷ Purchase Price
Cash-on-CashNet Income ÷ Down Payment $

Plug in the defaults — $250,000 price, $120 ADR, 65% occupancy, 25% fees, $3,600 HOA, 30% down — and gross revenue comes out to roughly $28,470, net income to roughly $17,753, net yield to about 7.1%, and cash-on-cash return to about 23.7% (because only 30% of the price is actual cash outlay).

Myth: "Net yield and cash-on-cash return are basically the same thing"

What people assumeA yield percentage is a yield percentage — if one project shows 7% and another shows 20%, the second one is clearly the better deal.
What's actually trueNet yield measures the asset's own performance against its full price — useful for comparing buildings independent of how you finance them. Cash-on-cash return measures your actual cash against what it earns — and goes up mechanically the more you finance, with no change to the underlying property. A 20% cash-on-cash figure on 20% down is not automatically a better investment than 7% net yield paid in cash — it's a different question about leverage, with its own risk (financing cost, vacancy risk on a mortgaged asset). Compare like with like.

Where projections get inflated — two patterns to watch for

Gross dressed up as net. A listing that quotes "10% yield" without saying gross or net is, more often than not, gross — meaning management fees, cleaning, utilities and HOA haven't been subtracted yet. Run the same ADR and occupancy through our calculator with fees and HOA included, and the honest net number is usually meaningfully lower. Always ask.

Peak-season occupancy presented as the annual average. A building can genuinely hit 85% occupancy in high season and still average 55% for the year once shoulder and low season are counted. If someone quotes you a single occupancy number, ask whether it's a full 12-month average or a best-month snapshot.

"The calculator won't lie to you — but the numbers you type into it can. Ask for the operator's real ADR and occupancy before trusting any default."

What the calculator doesn't include

It models operating yield only. It does not include Panama income tax on rental income (a separate, real line item — Panama-source rental income is taxed regardless of the owner's residency), financing interest if you take a mortgage, or appreciation. Treat the output as operating performance, not total return.

Common questions, answered plainly.

What's the difference between net yield and cash-on-cash return in the calculator?

Net yield divides net annual income by the full purchase price — it measures how the asset performs regardless of financing. Cash-on-cash return divides net annual income by only your down payment — it measures how your actual cash outlay performs. If you pay in full, they're similar; the more leverage you use, the more cash-on-cash return diverges from (and usually exceeds) net yield.

Why does the same unit show different yields on different websites?

Almost always because one number is gross and the other is net, or because the occupancy and fee assumptions are different. A gross yield with no management fee, cleaning cost or HOA subtracted will always look higher than a properly modeled net yield — ask which one you're looking at before comparing two projects.

What ADR and occupancy should I use if I don't know the real numbers?

The calculator's defaults ($120 ADR, 65% occupancy) are conservative, general-market starting points, not a specific project's verified performance. For an actual investment decision, request the operator's fact sheet for the specific building and use their real historical or projected numbers instead of the defaults.

Does the calculator account for Panama income tax on rental income?

No — it models operating yield only (gross revenue minus platform/management fees and HOA). Panama income tax on Panama-source rental income is a separate line item that applies on top of the net income shown, and should be confirmed with a Panamanian accountant before finalizing any projection.

Educational tool onlyThe calculator and this guide are for modeling and education — not a guarantee, offer, or substitute for a specific project's verified operator numbers. Request the fact sheet before making a decision.
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